Ohio Wage Replacement Basics
Ohio workers' compensation replaces a portion of lost wages based on the employee's average weekly wage (AWW) at the time of injury. The standard rate is 66⅔% of the AWW, subject to a statutory maximum that is adjusted annually. For 2024, the cap is $1,500 per week, meaning even high earners receive up to that limit.
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Calculating the Average Weekly Wage
The AWW is derived from the employee's earnings over the 52 weeks preceding the injury, including overtime, bonuses, and commissions. If the worker has less than a year of earnings, the total wages are divided by the number of weeks actually worked. This figure determines the base for the 66⅔% replacement rate.
Benefit Duration and Limits
Temporary total disability (TTD) benefits continue until the employee can return to work or reaches maximum medical improvement (MMI). Ohio law caps TTD at 104 weeks for most injuries; certain severe cases, such as loss of a limb, may extend to 156 weeks. Permanent partial disability (PPD) benefits are calculated using a schedule of injuries that assigns a percentage loss of earning capacity, multiplied by the AWW and the statutory cap.
Additional Compensation Elements
Beyond wage replacement, Ohio workers' comp may cover medical expenses, vocational rehabilitation, and a death benefit for surviving dependents. The death benefit is a lump‑sum payment of $5,000 plus $1,500 for each dependent, up to a total of $25,000.
Filing a Claim
Injured workers must report the injury to their employer within 30 days and file a claim with the Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation (BWC). The employer then submits a First Report of Injury (FROI) to the BWC. After review, the BWC issues a determination of benefits, which can be appealed through an administrative hearing if disputed.
Key Differences from Other States
Ohio's 66⅔% replacement rate aligns with many Midwestern states, but its weekly cap of $1,500 is lower than neighboring states like Indiana, which caps at $1,700. Additionally, Ohio's 104‑week TTD limit is shorter than Pennsylvania's 104‑week limit plus extensions for certain injuries. These variations affect high‑earning workers most significantly.
Quick Reference Table
| Benefit Type | Rate | Maximum Weekly Cap (2024) |
|---|---|---|
| Temporary Total Disability | 66⅔% of AWW | $1,500 |
| Permanent Partial Disability | Schedule‑based % of AWW | $1,500 |
| Death Benefit | Lump sum $5,000 + $1,500 per dependent | $25,000 total |
Practical Tips for Claimants
- Document all medical visits, receipts, and wage statements promptly.
- Submit the injury report within the 30‑day window to avoid denial.
- Consult a workers' comp attorney if the BWC's decision seems low or if disputes arise.
- Track the BWC's annual cap updates to understand potential benefit changes.